Leopards Changing Spots?

It is a fairly common maxim that a leopard never changes its spots, meaning that the very nature of a leopard is such that it will always look the same. A little closer to home, in the finance business we tend to cite that someone is statistically more likely to get divorced than change their bank account. In the interest of assessing the likelihood of certain things happening, I was wondering to myself “how often do constituencies change party hands?”

Snow leopard – also not known for changing their spots.

The answer to this was not easy to find. There are records of elections on the Office for National Statistics website spanning back to 1918, but oddly enough there didn’t seem to be a dataset focusing on changes in party affiliation. The data is definitely out there, but it doesn’t seem to be easily accessible.

I decided therefore to do some legwork myself to answer that question.

Methodology

I started with a raw document outlining the votes received in each constituency between 1918 and today. From this, I applied a lookup function which matched the largest proportion to the column header for that party, which allowed me to easy work out the winning party for each constituency.

I then used ChatGPT to produce a list of constituency creation dates. I have checked some of these, but not all, so this is a definite area of uncertainty.

The final step was to create another lookup function to check the winner in an election year and identify whether the winner was different in a previous year. Due to the difficulty of including by-elections, this table only looks at the results during a General Election, so if party A was replaced by party B in a by-election, but then by party A again at the next General Election, this data would assume continuous loyalty to party A.

The Data - "How Often do Constituencies Change Party Hands?"

After analysing the data, I came up with the following table of results, so here’s the answer to the question “how often do constituencies change party hands?”:

Constituency	2019 Winner	Last Changed In	Created In
ABERAVON	Labour	Never	1918
ABERCONWY	Conservative	Never	2010
ABERDEEN NORTH	SNP	2015	1885
ABERDEEN SOUTH	SNP	2019	1885
AIRDRIE AND SHOTTS	SNP	2015	2005
ALDERSHOT	Conservative	Never	1918
ALDRIDGE-BROWNHILLS	Conservative	1979	1974
ALTRINCHAM AND SALE WEST	Conservative	Never	1997
ALYN AND DEESIDE	Labour	Never	1983
AMBER VALLEY	Conservative	2010	1983
ANGUS	SNP	2019	1708
ARFON	Plaid Cymru	Never	2010
ARGYLL AND BUTE	SNP	2015	2005
ARUNDEL AND SOUTH DOWNS	Conservative	Never	1997
ASHFIELD	Conservative	2019	1955
ASHFORD	Conservative	Never	1885
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE	Labour	Never	1885
AYLESBURY	Conservative	Never	1553
AYR, CARRICK AND CUMNOCK	SNP	2019	2005
BANBURY	Conservative	Never	1553
BANFF AND BUCHAN	Conservative	2017	1945
BARKING	Labour	Never	1945
BARNSLEY CENTRAL	Labour	Never	1983
BARNSLEY EAST	Labour	Never	1983
BARROW AND FURNESS	Conservative	2019	1983
BASILDON AND BILLERICAY	Conservative	Never	2010
BASINGSTOKE	Conservative	Never	1885
BASSETLAW	Conservative	2019	1885
BATH	Liberal Democrats	2017	1295
BATLEY AND SPEN	Labour	1997	1983
BATTERSEA	Labour	2017	1885
BEACONSFIELD	Conservative	Never	1974
BECKENHAM	Conservative	Never	1974
BEDFORD	Labour	2017	1295
BELFAST EAST	DUP	2015	1885
BELFAST NORTH	Sinn Fein	2019	1885
BELFAST SOUTH	SDLP	2019	1885
BELFAST WEST	Sinn Fein	2001	1885
BERMONDSEY AND OLD SOUTHWARK	Labour	2015	1983
BERWICKSHIRE, ROXBURGH AND SELKIRK	Conservative	2017	1553
BERWICK-UPON-TWEED	Conservative	2015	2005
BETHNAL GREEN AND BOW	Labour	2010	1997
BEVERLEY AND HOLDERNESS	Conservative	Never	1997
BEXHILL AND BATTLE	Conservative	Never	1997
BEXLEYHEATH AND CRAYFORD	Conservative	2005	1983
BIRKENHEAD	Labour	Never	1885
BIRMINGHAM, EDGBASTON	Labour	Never	1950
BIRMINGHAM, ERDINGTON	Labour	Never	1955
BIRMINGHAM, HALL GREEN	Labour	Never	1955
BIRMINGHAM, HODGE HILL	Labour	Never	1983
BIRMINGHAM, LADYWOOD	Labour	Never	1974
BIRMINGHAM, NORTHFIELD	Conservative	2019	1955
BIRMINGHAM, PERRY BARR	Labour	Never	1974
BIRMINGHAM, SELLY OAK	Labour	Never	1955
BIRMINGHAM, YARDLEY	Labour	2015	1950
BISHOP AUCKLAND	Conservative	2019	1885
BLACKBURN	Labour	1945	1885
BLACKLEY AND BROUGHTON	Labour	Never	2010
BLACKPOOL NORTH AND CLEVELEYS	Conservative	Never	1997
BLACKPOOL SOUTH	Conservative	2019	1997
BLAENAU GWENT	Labour	2010	1983
BLAYDON	Labour	Never	1983
BLYTH VALLEY	Conservative	2019	1950
BOGNOR REGIS AND LITTLEHAMPTON	Conservative	Never	1997
BOLSOVER	Conservative	2019	1950
BOLTON NORTH EAST	Conservative	2019	1983
BOLTON SOUTH EAST	Labour	Never	1983
BOLTON WEST	Conservative	2015	1983
BOOTLE	Labour	1945	1885
BOSTON AND SKEGNESS	Conservative	Never	1997
BOSWORTH	Conservative	Never	1983
BOURNEMOUTH EAST	Conservative	Never	1950
BOURNEMOUTH WEST	Conservative	Never	1950
BRACKNELL	Conservative	Never	1983
BRADFORD EAST	Labour	2015	1885
BRADFORD SOUTH	Labour	1951	1950
BRADFORD WEST	Labour	Never	1885
BRAINTREE	Conservative	2005	1974
BRECON AND RADNORSHIRE	Conservative	2015	1983
BRENT CENTRAL	Labour	2015	2010
BRENTFORD AND ISLEWORTH	Labour	2015	1974
BRENT NORTH	Labour	1997	1950
BRENTWOOD AND ONGAR	Conservative	Never	1974
BRIDGEND	Conservative	2019	1983
BRIDGWATER AND WEST SOMERSET	Conservative	Never	2010
BRIGG AND GOOLE	Conservative	2010	1997
BRIGHTON, KEMPTOWN	Labour	2017	1950
BRIGHTON, PAVILION	Green	2010	1950
BRISTOL EAST	Labour	1992	1885
BRISTOL NORTH WEST	Labour	2017	1950
BRISTOL SOUTH	Labour	1935	1885
BRISTOL WEST	Labour	2015	1885
BROADLAND	Conservative	Never	1983
BROMLEY AND CHISLEHURST	Conservative	Never	1997
BROMSGROVE	Conservative	Never	1918
BROXBOURNE	Conservative	Never	1983
BROXTOWE	Conservative	2010	1983
BUCKINGHAM	Conservative	2019	1885
BURNLEY	Conservative	2019	1885
BURTON	Conservative	2010	1885
BURY NORTH	Conservative	2019	1983
BURY SOUTH	Conservative	2019	1983
BURY ST EDMUNDS	Conservative	Never	1553
CAERPHILLY	Labour	Never	1983
CAITHNESS, SUTHERLAND AND EASTER ROSS	Liberal Democrats	2017	2005
CALDER VALLEY	Conservative	2010	1983
CAMBERWELL AND PECKHAM	Labour	Never	1983
CAMBORNE AND REDRUTH	Conservative	Never	2010
CAMBRIDGE	Labour	2015	1295
CANNOCK CHASE	Conservative	2010	1997
CANTERBURY	Labour	2017	1918
CARDIFF CENTRAL	Labour	2015	1983
CARDIFF NORTH	Labour	2017	1950
CARDIFF SOUTH AND PENARTH	Labour	Never	1950
CARDIFF WEST	Labour	1987	1983
CARLISLE	Conservative	2010	1295
CARMARTHEN EAST AND DINEFWR	Plaid Cymru	2001	1997
CARMARTHEN WEST AND SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE	Conservative	2010	1997
CARSHALTON AND WALLINGTON	Conservative	2019	1997
CASTLE POINT	Conservative	2001	1983
CENTRAL AYRSHIRE	SNP	2015	2005
CENTRAL DEVON	Conservative	Never	1997
CENTRAL SUFFOLK AND NORTH IPSWICH	Conservative	Never	1983
CEREDIGION	Plaid Cymru	2017	1983
CHARNWOOD	Conservative	Never	1983
CHATHAM AND AYLESFORD	Conservative	2010	1997
CHEADLE	Conservative	2015	1983
CHELMSFORD	Conservative	Never	1295
CHELSEA AND FULHAM	Conservative	Never	1997
CHELTENHAM	Conservative	2015	1997
CHESHAM AND AMERSHAM	Conservative	Never	1974
CHESTERFIELD	Labour	2010	1918
CHICHESTER	Conservative	Never	1295
CHINGFORD AND WOODFORD GREEN	Conservative	Never	1974
CHIPPENHAM	Conservative	2015	1983
CHIPPING BARNET	Conservative	Never	1885
CHORLEY	Other	2019	1983
CHRISTCHURCH	Conservative	Never	1997
CITIES OF LONDON AND WESTMINSTER	Conservative	Never	1950
CITY OF CHESTER	Labour	2015	1545
CITY OF DURHAM	Labour	Never	1950
CLACTON	Conservative	2017	2010
CLEETHORPES	Conservative	2010	1997
CLWYD SOUTH	Conservative	2019	1983
CLWYD WEST	Conservative	2005	1983
COATBRIDGE, CHRYSTON AND BELLSHILL	SNP	2019	2005
COLCHESTER	Conservative	2015	1885
COLNE VALLEY	Conservative	2019	1885
CONGLETON	Conservative	Never	1983
COPELAND	Conservative	2017	1983
CORBY	Conservative	2010	1983
COVENTRY NORTH EAST	Labour	Never	1974
COVENTRY NORTH WEST	Labour	Never	1974
COVENTRY SOUTH	Labour	Never	1974
CRAWLEY	Conservative	2010	1983
CREWE AND NANTWICH	Conservative	2019	1997
CROYDON CENTRAL	Labour	2017	1974
CROYDON NORTH	Labour	Never	1997
CROYDON SOUTH	Conservative	Never	1955
CUMBERNAULD, KILSYTH AND KIRKINTILLOCH EAST	SNP	2015	2005
CYNON VALLEY	Labour	Never	1983
DAGENHAM AND RAINHAM	Labour	Never	2010
DARLINGTON	Conservative	2019	1918
DARTFORD	Conservative	2010	1950
DAVENTRY	Conservative	Never	1983
DELYN	Conservative	2019	1983
DENTON AND REDDISH	Labour	Never	1983
DERBY NORTH	Conservative	2019	1950
DERBYSHIRE DALES	Conservative	Never	1950
DERBY SOUTH	Labour	Never	1983
DEVIZES	Conservative	Never	1918
DEWSBURY	Conservative	2019	1983
DONCASTER CENTRAL	Labour	Never	1983
DONCASTER NORTH	Labour	Never	1983
DON VALLEY	Conservative	2019	1983
DOVER	Conservative	2010	1918
DUDLEY NORTH	Conservative	2019	1997
DUDLEY SOUTH	Conservative	2010	1983
DULWICH AND WEST NORWOOD	Labour	Never	1997
DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY	Conservative	2017	2005
DUMFRIESSHIRE, CLYDESDALE AND TWEEDDALE	Conservative	Never	2005
DUNDEE EAST	SNP	2005	1950
DUNDEE WEST	SNP	2015	1983
DUNFERMLINE AND WEST FIFE	SNP	2015	1983
DWYFOR MEIRIONNYDD	Plaid Cymru	Never	2010
EALING CENTRAL AND ACTON	Labour	2015	2010
EALING NORTH	Labour	Never	1950
EALING, SOUTHALL	Labour	Never	1974
EASINGTON	Labour	Never	1950
EAST ANTRIM	DUP	2005	1885
EASTBOURNE	Conservative	2019	1950
EAST DEVON	Conservative	Never	1983
EAST DUNBARTONSHIRE	SNP	2019	2005
EAST HAM	Labour	Never	1885
EAST HAMPSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
EAST KILBRIDE, STRATHAVEN AND LESMAHAGOW	SNP	2015	2005
EASTLEIGH	Conservative	2015	1955
EAST LONDONDERRY	DUP	2001	1885
EAST LOTHIAN	SNP	2019	1997
EAST RENFREWSHIRE	SNP	2019	2005
EAST SURREY	Conservative	Never	1983
EAST WORTHING AND SHOREHAM	Conservative	Never	1997
EAST YORKSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1885
EDDISBURY	Conservative	Never	1997
EDINBURGH EAST	SNP	2015	2005
EDINBURGH NORTH AND LEITH	SNP	2015	1997
EDINBURGH SOUTH	Labour	1987	1885
EDINBURGH SOUTH WEST	SNP	2015	2005
EDINBURGH WEST	Liberal Democrats	2017	1885
EDMONTON	Labour	1997	1918
ELLESMERE PORT AND NESTON	Labour	Never	1997
ELMET AND ROTHWELL	Conservative	Never	1983
ELTHAM	Labour	1997	1974
ENFIELD NORTH	Labour	2015	1974
ENFIELD, SOUTHGATE	Labour	2017	1950
EPPING FOREST	Conservative	Never	1974
EPSOM AND EWELL	Conservative	Never	1885
EREWASH	Conservative	2010	1983
ERITH AND THAMESMEAD	Labour	Never	1997
ESHER AND WALTON	Conservative	Never	1997
EXETER	Labour	Never	1997
FALKIRK	SNP	2015	2005
FAREHAM	Conservative	Never	1983
FAVERSHAM AND MID KENT	Conservative	Never	1997
FELTHAM AND HESTON	Labour	Never	1997
FERMANAGH AND SOUTH TYRONE	Sinn Fein	2017	1950
FILTON AND BRADLEY STOKE	Conservative	Never	2010
FINCHLEY AND GOLDERS GREEN	Conservative	2010	1997
FOLKESTONE AND HYTHE	Conservative	Never	1918
FOREST OF DEAN	Conservative	2005	1983
FOYLE	SDLP	2019	1983
FYLDE	Conservative	Never	1983
GAINSBOROUGH	Conservative	1924	1885
GARSTON AND HALEWOOD	Labour	Never	2010
GATESHEAD	Labour	Never	2010
GEDLING	Conservative	2019	1983
GILLINGHAM AND RAINHAM	Conservative	Never	2010
GLASGOW CENTRAL	SNP	2015	1885
GLASGOW EAST	SNP	2015	2005
GLASGOW NORTH	SNP	2015	2005
GLASGOW NORTH EAST	SNP	2019	2005
GLASGOW NORTH WEST	SNP	2015	2005
GLASGOW SOUTH	SNP	2015	2005
GLASGOW SOUTH WEST	SNP	2015	2005
GLENROTHES	SNP	2015	2005
GLOUCESTER	Conservative	2010	1295
GORDON	SNP	2019	1885
GOSPORT	Conservative	Never	1997
GOWER	Labour	2017	1885
GRANTHAM AND STAMFORD	Conservative	Never	1983
GRAVESHAM	Conservative	2005	1983
GREAT GRIMSBY	Conservative	2019	1918
GREAT YARMOUTH	Conservative	2010	1295
GREENWICH AND WOOLWICH	Labour	Never	1997
GUILDFORD	Conservative	2005	1885
HACKNEY NORTH AND STOKE NEWINGTON	Labour	Never	1950
HACKNEY SOUTH AND SHOREDITCH	Labour	Never	1950
HALESOWEN AND ROWLEY REGIS	Conservative	2010	1983
HALIFAX	Labour	1987	1983
HALTEMPRICE AND HOWDEN	Conservative	Never	1997
HALTON	Labour	Never	1983
HAMMERSMITH	Labour	Never	1885
HAMPSTEAD AND KILBURN	Labour	Never	2010
HARBOROUGH	Conservative	Never	1983
HARLOW	Conservative	2010	1983
HARROGATE AND KNARESBOROUGH	Conservative	2010	1997
HARROW EAST	Conservative	2010	1950
HARROW WEST	Labour	1997	1945
HARTLEPOOL	Labour	Never	1974
HARWICH AND NORTH ESSEX	Conservative	Never	2010
HASTINGS AND RYE	Conservative	2010	1983
HAVANT	Conservative	Never	1983
HAYES AND HARLINGTON	Labour	1997	1950
HAZEL GROVE	Conservative	2015	1997
HEMEL HEMPSTEAD	Conservative	2005	1974
HEMSWORTH	Labour	Never	1983
HENDON	Conservative	2010	1945
HENLEY	Conservative	Never	1983
HEREFORD AND SOUTH HEREFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
HERTFORD AND STORTFORD	Conservative	Never	1983
HERTSMERE	Conservative	Never	1983
HEXHAM	Conservative	Never	1983
HEYWOOD AND MIDDLETON	Conservative	2019	1983
HIGH PEAK	Conservative	2019	1885
HITCHIN AND HARPENDEN	Conservative	Never	1997
HOLBORN AND ST PANCRAS	Labour	Never	1983
HORNCHURCH AND UPMINSTER	Conservative	Never	2010
HORNSEY AND WOOD GREEN	Labour	2015	1983
HORSHAM	Conservative	Never	1983
HOUGHTON AND SUNDERLAND SOUTH	Labour	Never	2010
HOVE	Labour	2015	1950
HUDDERSFIELD	Labour	1945	1885
HUNTINGDON	Conservative	Never	1983
HYNDBURN	Conservative	2019	1983
ILFORD NORTH	Labour	2015	1950
ILFORD SOUTH	Labour	1992	1945
INVERCLYDE	SNP	2015	2005
INVERNESS, NAIRN, BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY	SNP	2015	2005
IPSWICH	Conservative	2019	1295
ISLE OF WIGHT	Conservative	2001	1832
ISLINGTON NORTH	Labour	1945	1885
ISLINGTON SOUTH AND FINSBURY	Labour	Never	1974
ISLWYN	Labour	Never	1983
JARROW	Labour	1955	1885
KEIGHLEY	Conservative	2019	1885
KENILWORTH AND SOUTHAM	Conservative	Never	1997
KENSINGTON	Conservative	2019	1950
KETTERING	Conservative	2005	1918
KILMARNOCK AND LOUDOUN	SNP	2015	2005
KINGSTON AND SURBITON	Liberal Democrats	2017	1997
KINGSTON UPON HULL EAST	Labour	Never	1950
KINGSTON UPON HULL NORTH	Labour	Never	1950
KINGSTON UPON HULL WEST AND HESSLE	Labour	Never	1950
KINGSWOOD	Conservative	Never	2010
KIRKCALDY AND COWDENBEATH	SNP	2019	2005
KNOWSLEY	Labour	Never	1983
LAGAN VALLEY	DUP	2005	1983
LANARK AND HAMILTON EAST	SNP	2015	2005
LANCASTER AND FLEETWOOD	Labour	2015	2010
LEEDS CENTRAL	Labour	1945	1885
LEEDS EAST	Labour	Never	1885
LEEDS NORTH EAST	Labour	1997	1885
LEEDS NORTH WEST	Labour	2017	1885
LEEDS WEST	Labour	1987	1885
LEICESTER EAST	Labour	1987	1974
LEICESTER SOUTH	Labour	1987	1983
LEICESTER WEST	Labour	Never	1974
LEIGH	Conservative	2019	1885
LEWES	Conservative	2015	1950
LEWISHAM, DEPTFORD	Labour	Never	1974
LEWISHAM EAST	Labour	1992	1974
LEWISHAM WEST AND PENGE	Labour	Never	1974
LEYTON AND WANSTEAD	Labour	Never	1997
LICHFIELD	Conservative	Never	1997
LINCOLN	Conservative	2019	1295
LINLITHGOW AND EAST FALKIRK	SNP	2015	2005
LIVERPOOL, RIVERSIDE	Labour	Never	1983
LIVERPOOL, WALTON	Labour	Never	1950
LIVERPOOL, WAVERTREE	Labour	Never	1997
LIVERPOOL, WEST DERBY	Labour	Never	1950
LIVINGSTON	SNP	2015	1983
LLANELLI	Labour	Never	1918
LOUGHBOROUGH	Conservative	2010	1983
LOUTH AND HORNCASTLE	Conservative	Never	1997
LUDLOW	Conservative	2005	1983
LUTON NORTH	Labour	1997	1950
LUTON SOUTH	Labour	1997	1950
MACCLESFIELD	Conservative	Never	1918
MAIDENHEAD	Conservative	Never	1997
MAIDSTONE AND THE WEALD	Conservative	Never	1997
MAKERFIELD	Labour	Never	1983
MALDON	Conservative	Never	1997
MANCHESTER CENTRAL	Labour	Never	1918
MANCHESTER, GORTON	Labour	Never	1918
MANCHESTER, WITHINGTON	Labour	2015	1918
MANSFIELD	Conservative	2017	1885
MEON VALLEY	Conservative	Never	2010
MERIDEN	Conservative	1979	1950
MERTHYR TYDFIL AND RHYMNEY	Labour	Never	1983
MID BEDFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
MID DERBYSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
MIDDLESBROUGH	Labour	Never	1974
MIDDLESBROUGH SOUTH AND EAST CLEVELAND	Conservative	2017	1997
MID DORSET AND NORTH POOLE	Conservative	2015	1997
MIDLOTHIAN	SNP	2019	2005
MID NORFOLK	Conservative	Never	1983
MID SUSSEX	Conservative	Never	1997
MID ULSTER	Sinn Fein	2001	1950
MID WORCESTERSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
MILTON KEYNES NORTH	Conservative	Never	1997
MILTON KEYNES SOUTH	Conservative	Never	1997
MITCHAM AND MORDEN	Labour	1997	1974
MOLE VALLEY	Conservative	Never	1974
MONMOUTH	Conservative	2005	1918
MONTGOMERYSHIRE	Conservative	2010	1885
MORAY	Conservative	2017	1885
MORECAMBE AND LUNESDALE	Conservative	2010	1997
MORLEY AND OUTWOOD	Conservative	2015	2010
MOTHERWELL AND WISHAW	SNP	2015	1983
NA H-EILEANAN AN IAR	SNP	Never	1918
NEATH	Labour	Never	1983
NEWARK	Conservative	2001	1885
NEWBURY	Conservative	2005	1997
NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME	Conservative	2019	1918
NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE CENTRAL	Labour	1987	1918
NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE EAST	Labour	1945	1885
NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE NORTH	Labour	1951	1918
NEW FOREST EAST	Conservative	Never	1997
NEW FOREST WEST	Conservative	Never	1997
NEWPORT EAST	Labour	Never	1918
NEWPORT WEST	Labour	1987	1918
NEWRY AND ARMAGH	Sinn Fein	2005	1885
NEWTON ABBOT	Conservative	Never	1997
NORMANTON, PONTEFRACT AND CASTLEFORD	Labour	Never	1983
NORTHAMPTON NORTH	Conservative	2010	1974
NORTHAMPTON SOUTH	Conservative	2005	1997
NORTH ANTRIM	DUP	Never	1885
NORTH AYRSHIRE AND ARRAN	SNP	2015	2005
NORTH CORNWALL	Conservative	2015	1997
NORTH DEVON	Conservative	2015	1950
NORTH DORSET	Conservative	Never	1983
NORTH DOWN	Alliance	2019	1885
NORTH DURHAM	Labour	Never	1885
NORTH EAST BEDFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH EAST CAMBRIDGESHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH EAST DERBYSHIRE	Conservative	2017	1885
NORTH EAST FIFE	Liberal Democrats	2019	1983
NORTH EAST HAMPSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH EAST HERTFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH EAST SOMERSET	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH HEREFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1885
NORTH NORFOLK	Conservative	2019	1950
NORTH SHROPSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
NORTH SOMERSET	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH SWINDON	Conservative	2010	1997
NORTH THANET	Conservative	Never	1983
NORTH TYNESIDE	Labour	Never	1983
NORTH WARWICKSHIRE	Conservative	2010	1997
NORTH WEST CAMBRIDGESHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
NORTH WEST DURHAM	Conservative	2019	1885
NORTH WEST HAMPSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
NORTH WEST LEICESTERSHIRE	Conservative	2010	1983
NORTH WEST NORFOLK	Conservative	2001	1997
NORTH WILTSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
NORWICH NORTH	Conservative	2010	1983
NORWICH SOUTH	Labour	2015	1983
NOTTINGHAM EAST	Labour	1992	1885
NOTTINGHAM NORTH	Labour	1987	1950
NOTTINGHAM SOUTH	Labour	1992	1955
NUNEATON	Conservative	2010	1885
OCHIL AND SOUTH PERTHSHIRE	SNP	2019	2005
OGMORE	Labour	Never	1918
OLD BEXLEY AND SIDCUP	Conservative	Never	1997
OLDHAM EAST AND SADDLEWORTH	Labour	Never	1997
OLDHAM WEST AND ROYTON	Labour	Never	1997
ORKNEY AND SHETLAND	Liberal Democrats	1992	1918
ORPINGTON	Conservative	1970	1945
OXFORD EAST	Labour	1987	1983
OXFORD WEST AND ABINGDON	Liberal Democrats	2017	1983
PAISLEY AND RENFREWSHIRE NORTH	SNP	2015	2005
PAISLEY AND RENFREWSHIRE SOUTH	SNP	2015	2005
PENDLE	Conservative	2010	1983
PENISTONE AND STOCKSBRIDGE	Conservative	2019	2010
PENRITH AND THE BORDER	Conservative	Never	1983
PERTH AND NORTH PERTHSHIRE	SNP	Never	2005
PETERBOROUGH	Conservative	2019	1918
PLYMOUTH, MOOR VIEW	Conservative	2015	2010
PLYMOUTH, SUTTON AND DEVONPORT	Labour	2017	2010
PONTYPRIDD	Labour	Never	1918
POOLE	Conservative	Never	1950
POPLAR AND LIMEHOUSE	Labour	Never	2010
PORTSMOUTH NORTH	Conservative	2010	1950
PORTSMOUTH SOUTH	Labour	2017	1918
PRESELI PEMBROKESHIRE	Conservative	2005	1997
PRESTON	Labour	1945	1295
PUDSEY	Conservative	2010	1983
PUTNEY	Labour	2019	1918
RAYLEIGH AND WICKFORD	Conservative	Never	1997
READING EAST	Labour	2017	1983
READING WEST	Conservative	2010	1983
REDCAR	Conservative	2019	1974
REDDITCH	Conservative	2010	1983
REIGATE	Conservative	Never	1955
RHONDDA	Labour	Never	1885
RIBBLE VALLEY	Conservative	Never	1983
RICHMOND PARK	Liberal Democrats	2019	1885
RICHMOND (YORKS)	Conservative	Never	1997
ROCHDALE	Labour	2010	1918
ROCHESTER AND STROOD	Conservative	Never	2010
ROCHFORD AND SOUTHEND EAST	Conservative	Never	1997
ROMFORD	Conservative	2001	1885
ROMSEY AND SOUTHAMPTON NORTH	Conservative	Never	1997
ROSSENDALE AND DARWEN	Conservative	2010	1983
ROSS, SKYE AND LOCHABER	SNP	2015	2005
ROTHERHAM	Labour	1935	1918
ROTHER VALLEY	Conservative	2019	1918
RUGBY	Conservative	1979	1885
RUISLIP, NORTHWOOD AND PINNER	Conservative	Never	1974
RUNNYMEDE AND WEYBRIDGE	Conservative	Never	1997
RUSHCLIFFE	Conservative	Never	1983
RUTHERGLEN AND HAMILTON WEST	SNP	2019	2005
RUTLAND AND MELTON	Conservative	Never	1983
SAFFRON WALDEN	Conservative	Never	1974
SALFORD AND ECCLES	Labour	Never	2010
SALISBURY	Conservative	Never	1295
SCARBOROUGH AND WHITBY	Conservative	2005	1997
SCUNTHORPE	Conservative	2019	1918
SEDGEFIELD	Conservative	2019	1974
SEFTON CENTRAL	Labour	Never	2010
SELBY AND AINSTY	Conservative	Never	2010
SEVENOAKS	Conservative	Never	1950
SHEFFIELD, BRIGHTSIDE AND HILLSBOROUGH	Labour	Never	2010
SHEFFIELD CENTRAL	Labour	1945	1885
SHEFFIELD, HALLAM	Labour	2017	1885
SHEFFIELD, HEELEY	Labour	Never	1950
SHEFFIELD SOUTH EAST	Labour	Never	2010
SHERWOOD	Conservative	2010	1983
SHIPLEY	Conservative	2005	1983
SHREWSBURY AND ATCHAM	Conservative	2005	1997
SITTINGBOURNE AND SHEPPEY	Conservative	2010	1997
SKIPTON AND RIPON	Conservative	Never	1983
SLEAFORD AND NORTH HYKEHAM	Conservative	Never	1997
SLOUGH	Labour	1997	1983
SOLIHULL	Conservative	2015	1945
SOMERTON AND FROME	Conservative	2015	1983
SOUTHAMPTON, ITCHEN	Conservative	2015	1950
SOUTHAMPTON, TEST	Labour	Never	1918
SOUTH ANTRIM	DUP	2017	1885
SOUTH BASILDON AND EAST THURROCK	Conservative	Never	2010
SOUTH CAMBRIDGESHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
SOUTH DERBYSHIRE	Conservative	2010	1983
SOUTH DORSET	Conservative	2010	1885
SOUTH DOWN	Sinn Fein	2017	1885
SOUTH EAST CAMBRIDGESHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
SOUTH EAST CORNWALL	Conservative	2010	1983
SOUTHEND WEST	Conservative	Never	1950
SOUTH HOLLAND AND THE DEEPINGS	Conservative	Never	1997
SOUTH LEICESTERSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1983
SOUTH NORFOLK	Conservative	Never	1983
SOUTH NORTHAMPTONSHIRE	Conservative	Never	2010
SOUTHPORT	Conservative	2017	1885
SOUTH RIBBLE	Conservative	2010	1983
SOUTH SHIELDS	Labour	1935	1832
SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
SOUTH SUFFOLK	Conservative	Never	1983
SOUTH SWINDON	Conservative	2010	1997
SOUTH THANET	Conservative	2010	1983
SOUTH WEST BEDFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
SOUTH WEST DEVON	Conservative	Never	1997
SOUTH WEST HERTFORDSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1950
SOUTH WEST NORFOLK	Conservative	Never	1997
SOUTH WEST SURREY	Conservative	Never	1950
SOUTH WEST WILTSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1918
SPELTHORNE	Conservative	Never	1997
STAFFORD	Conservative	2010	1885
STAFFORDSHIRE MOORLANDS	Conservative	2010	1950
ST ALBANS	Liberal Democrats	2019	1974
STALYBRIDGE AND HYDE	Labour	Never	1997
ST AUSTELL AND NEWQUAY	Conservative	2015	2010
STEVENAGE	Conservative	2010	1974
ST HELENS NORTH	Labour	Never	1974
ST HELENS SOUTH AND WHISTON	Labour	Never	2010
STIRLING	SNP	2019	2005
ST IVES	Conservative	2015	1918
STOCKPORT	Labour	1992	1832
STOCKTON NORTH	Labour	Never	2010
STOCKTON SOUTH	Conservative	2019	2010
STOKE-ON-TRENT CENTRAL	Conservative	2019	1950
STOKE-ON-TRENT NORTH	Conservative	2019	1950
STOKE-ON-TRENT SOUTH	Conservative	2017	1950
STONE	Conservative	Never	1997
STOURBRIDGE	Conservative	2010	1997
STRANGFORD	DUP	2001	1885
STRATFORD-ON-AVON	Conservative	Never	1885
STREATHAM	Labour	1992	1918
STRETFORD AND URMSTON	Labour	Never	1997
STROUD	Conservative	2019	1950
SUFFOLK COASTAL	Conservative	Never	1983
SUNDERLAND CENTRAL	Labour	Never	2010
SURREY HEATH	Conservative	Never	1997
SUTTON AND CHEAM	Conservative	2015	1945
SUTTON COLDFIELD	Conservative	Never	1945
SWANSEA EAST	Labour	1922	1918
SWANSEA WEST	Labour	1945	1918
TAMWORTH	Conservative	2010	1997
TATTON	Conservative	2001	1983
TAUNTON DEANE	Conservative	2015	1997
TELFORD	Conservative	2015	1997
TEWKESBURY	Conservative	Never	1997
THE COTSWOLDS	Conservative	Never	1997
THE WREKIN	Conservative	1979	1918
THIRSK AND MALTON	Conservative	Never	1997
THORNBURY AND YATE	Conservative	2015	2010
THURROCK	Conservative	2010	1983
TIVERTON AND HONITON	Conservative	Never	1997
TONBRIDGE AND MALLING	Conservative	Never	1983
TOOTING	Labour	Never	1974
TORBAY	Conservative	2015	1983
TORFAEN	Labour	Never	1983
TORRIDGE AND WEST DEVON	Conservative	2005	1983
TOTNES	Conservative	Never	1997
TOTTENHAM	Labour	Never	1950
TRURO AND FALMOUTH	Conservative	Never	2010
TUNBRIDGE WELLS	Conservative	Never	1885
TWICKENHAM	Liberal Democrats	2017	1950
TYNEMOUTH	Labour	Never	1997
UPPER BANN	DUP	2005	1983
UXBRIDGE AND SOUTH RUISLIP	Conservative	Never	2010
VALE OF CLWYD	Conservative	2019	1997
VALE OF GLAMORGAN	Conservative	2010	1983
VAUXHALL	Labour	Never	1950
WAKEFIELD	Conservative	2019	1832
WALLASEY	Labour	1992	1918
WALSALL NORTH	Conservative	2017	1950
WALSALL SOUTH	Labour	Never	1950
WALTHAMSTOW	Labour	1992	1950
WANSBECK	Labour	Never	1983
WANTAGE	Conservative	Never	1983
WARLEY	Labour	Never	1997
WARRINGTON NORTH	Labour	Never	1983
WARRINGTON SOUTH	Conservative	2019	1983
WARWICK AND LEAMINGTON	Labour	2017	1997
WASHINGTON AND SUNDERLAND WEST	Labour	Never	1997
WATFORD	Conservative	2010	1945
WAVENEY	Conservative	2010	1983
WEALDEN	Conservative	Never	1983
WEAVER VALE	Labour	2017	1997
WELLINGBOROUGH	Conservative	2005	1950
WELLS	Conservative	2015	1918
WELWYN HATFIELD	Conservative	2005	1983
WENTWORTH AND DEARNE	Labour	Never	1918
WEST ABERDEENSHIRE AND KINCARDINE	Conservative	2017	1997
WEST BROMWICH EAST	Conservative	2019	1974
WEST BROMWICH WEST	Conservative	2019	1974
WEST DORSET	Conservative	Never	1885
WEST DUNBARTONSHIRE	SNP	2015	2005
WEST HAM	Labour	Never	1885
WEST LANCASHIRE	Labour	Never	1885
WESTMINSTER NORTH	Labour	Never	2010
WESTMORLAND AND LONSDALE	Liberal Democrats	2005	1983
WESTON-SUPER-MARE	Conservative	2005	1950
WEST SUFFOLK	Conservative	Never	1997
WEST TYRONE	Sinn Fein	2001	1997
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE	Conservative	Never	1997
WIGAN	Labour	Never	1918
WIMBLEDON	Conservative	2005	1918
WINCHESTER	Conservative	2010	1918
WINDSOR	Conservative	Never	1997
WIRRAL SOUTH	Labour	Never	1997
WIRRAL WEST	Labour	2015	1997
WITHAM	Conservative	Never	2010
WITNEY	Conservative	Never	1983
WOKING	Conservative	Never	1950
WOKINGHAM	Conservative	Never	1955
WOLVERHAMPTON NORTH EAST	Conservative	2019	1950
WOLVERHAMPTON SOUTH EAST	Labour	Never	1974
WOLVERHAMPTON SOUTH WEST	Conservative	2019	1950
WORCESTER	Conservative	2010	1918
WORKINGTON	Conservative	2019	1918
WORSLEY AND ECCLES SOUTH	Labour	Never	1997
WORTHING WEST	Conservative	Never	1997
WREXHAM	Conservative	2019	1918
WYCOMBE	Conservative	Never	1950
WYRE AND PRESTON NORTH	Conservative	Never	1997
WYRE FOREST	Conservative	2010	1983
WYTHENSHAWE AND SALE EAST	Labour	Never	1997
YEOVIL	Conservative	2015	1983
YNYS MON	Conservative	2019	2010
YORK CENTRAL	Labour	1992	1983
YORK OUTER	Conservative	Never	2010

Importantly, this data shows that of the 650 current constituencies, 295 (45.38%) have either never changed party hands or have not changed hands since 1918.

How might we fix this? With my favourite proposal – Proportional Representation.

No longer a candidate, so now focusing on my own projects.

You Deserve Better

Leopards Changing Spots?

Methodology

The Data - "How Often do Constituencies Change Party Hands?"

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